Bolted connections most effectively transfer in-plane forces between plates through shearing of the bolts and bearing forces on the edges of the plate holes. Less effectively bolted connections can transfer out-of-plane forces through plate bending and tensile forces in the bolts. These types of load transfer through a bolted connection are quite different.
Recent research focus has been on the transfer of in-plane forces between plates and especially in the development of a generalized formulation for block tearing, which is able to handle the block tearing interaction of normal forces, shear forces and moments for gusset and fin plate connections with large eccentricities of the shear force.